Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Growing in Saudi Arabia: Experimental and Computational Approaches

Rosmarinus officinalis L. is widely distributed in Saudi Arabia. However, only a few studies have been reported regarding this species. In study, we investigated the phytochemical analysis of R. essential oil using GC-MS order to identify its major components; vitro antimicrobial activity was also evaluated disc diffusion assay against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli), assessed with molecular docking several microbial proteins; TyRS, DNA gyrase DHFR. The has indicated presence 18 constituents, representing 99.93 % total content. compounds detected were Bornyl acetate (26.59%), Eucalyptol (17.38%), Camphor (10.42%), Borneol (9.78%), Beta-Caryophyllene (7.80%) ?-pinene (3.85%). study showed that strong S. aureus an inhibition zone 30 mm E. coli 25 mm. affinities (TyrRS: between ?4.8 ?4.9 Kcal/mol ?8.2 obtained Clorobiocin; gyrase: ?4.5 ?9.1 Clorobiocin). molecules when tested DHFR (DHFR: ?5.8 ?6.0 ?6.3 SCHEMBL2181345). As consequence, pharmaceutical industry may use oils from plant develop cutting-edge synthetic drugs treat illness infection.